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Frailty is a group of symptoms rather than a single disease. It has biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

This means it is important for clinicians to accurately identify and assess each individual’s level of frailty, and determine what care and support they need.

On this page you’ll find tools and resources to help.

How to identify frailty

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It is rare that people see themselves as ‘frail’. Instead, they might describe ‘slowing down’ or modifying activities to meet their physical ability.

When you are identifying and assessing frailty, you should avoid reinforcing negative stereotypes of aging and dependency. Focus on what each person can do and what support they need to live well.

Enabling people to live well with frailty requires you to understand each individual, what support networks they already have and what is important to them. It is important to optimise quantity and quality of life. 

Carrying out a holistic assessment will help you determine what person-centred care is appropriate.

The nature of frailty means that all individual assessments should be part of an ongoing cycle, not a standalone activity.

'Frailty syndromes' or 'acute presentations'

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’Frailty syndromes’, or ‘acute presentations’, are:

  • falls
  • sudden reduced mobility
  • new or accelerated state of confusion (delirium)
  • acute change in continence
  • sensitivity to a new medication.

These should be regarded as ‘red flags’ for frailty, as they often mean a sudden change in the individual’s physical health function and mental capacity. 

Assessment tools

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There are a variety of tools that will help you identify frailty at a population and individual level. We have listed some of these below.

The content and views expressed by these organisations do not represent the views of Hospice UK.

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Population approach

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Individual assessment

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Image: (c) David Poultney at In-Press Photography Ltd via The Centre for Ageing Better

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Reviewed by colleagues in the Living and Dying Well Research Group, University of Surrey

This content was produced in collaboration with the Living and Dying Well Research Group at the University of Surrey.